Middlesbrough ( (listen) MID-əlz-brə) is a post-industrial town, in North Yorkshire, England, located on the River Tees's southern bank. It is the largest town in the borough of the same name. In 2019, the borough's population was 140,980. Middlesbrough is in the Teesside conurbation (a population of 376,633), Tees Valley sub-region and North East England region. Its historic county is Yorkshire, North Riding. In 1889, Middlesbrough became a county borough when the North Riding of Yorkshire became a county in its own right, and also had a rural district from 1894, which was transferred to the nearby town of Stokesley in 1932. In 1968, multiple boroughs and parishes from County Durham and the North Riding formed the new County Borough of Teesside. After its abolition in 1974, the current Borough of Middlesbrough, an expanded area, was formed as part of the county of Cleveland. The non-metropolitan county was abolished in 1996, leaving Middlesbrough Borough Council as a unitary authority, and it became a part of North Yorkshire for ceremonial purposes. Erimus ("We shall be" in Latin) is Middlesbrough's motto, chosen in 1830. It reflects Fuimus ("We have been") the motto of the Norman/Scottish Bruce clan, lords of Cleveland in the Middle Ages. The town's coat of arms is an azure lion, from the arms of the Bruce family, a star, from the arms of Captain James Cook, and two ships, representing its founding for shipbuilding and maritime trade.

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